Centre of Excellence for Cardiac Surgery in India
Angioplasty is one such interventional cardiology procedure which has become the gold standard approach to treat acute myocardial infarction or heart attack.
Angioplasty is a non-surgical procedure that can be used to open blocked heart arteries. Stent placement is another option that can be done during angioplasty.
It helps to remove clots and position stents or balloons at the site of narrowing so as to widen the artery. The point of entry of the catheter is through a small hole in a large artery. That is why this surgery is also called as ‘pin hole’ surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This can be performed along with cardiac catheterisation in which the defect is only observed or it can be rescheduled for a later date.
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a procedure used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) in certain circumstances. Coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, caused by a buildup of fatty material within the walls of the arteries. This buildup causes the inside of the arteries to become narrowed, limiting the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
To treat the blocked or narrowed arteries is to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary artery with another piece of blood vessel. Blood vessels, or grafts, used for the bypass procedure may be pieces of a vein taken from the legs or an artery in the chest.
One end of the graft is attached above the blockage and the other end is attached below the blockage. Thus, the blood is rerouted around, or bypasses, the blockage through the new graft to reach the heart muscle.
Heart valve repair is a surgical or minimally invasive procedure that corrects a heart valve that is not functioning properly. Heart valve repair usually involves the heart valve leaflets that open and close to pump blood through the heart.
In some cases, your doctor may find that repairing your heart valve is the best way to treat your heart valve disease.
Heart Valve Replacement
When repair is not an option, replacing your damaged heart valve may be the most effective treatment for your condition. Also known as Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, is a cardiac surgery procedure in
* Ring Annuloplasty – In this procedure the surgeon repairs the ring-like part around the valve by stitching a ring of metal, cloth, or tissue around the valve.
* Valve repair – In this one or more leaflets of the valve is trimmed, shaped, or rebuild. The leaflets are the flaps that are responsible for opening and closing of the valve.
Cardiac abnormalities in children below 13 years fall in the speciality of paediatric cardiac surgeries. Most of the defects in the heart are identified at the time of birth itself and these are called as congenital defects. At times they are big enough to cause immediate distress to the new born. In other cases they are small initially and cause symptoms when the child grows older and more active.
The defective heart is unable to catch up with the activities and demands of the growing body and thus starts showing symptoms of breathlessness, bluish discoloration of the body, loss of consciousness etc. Such defects need to be corrected immediately.
Robotic surgery is a type of procedure that is similar to laparoscopic surgery. It also can be performed through smaller surgical cuts than traditional open surgery. The small, precise movements that are possible with this type of surgery give it some advantages over standard endoscopic techniques.Sometimes robotic-assisted laparoscopy can allow a surgeon to perform a less-invasive procedure that was once only possible with more invasive open surgery. Once it is placed in the abdomen, a robotic arm is easier for the surgeon to use than the instruments in endoscopic surgery.
The robot reduces the surgeon’s movements (for example, moving 1/2 inch for every 1 inch the surgeon moves), which reduces some of the hand tremors and movements that might otherwise make the surgery less precise. Also, robotic instruments can access hard-to-reach areas of your body more easily through smaller surgical cuts compared to traditional open and laparoscopic surgery.
Minimal incision valve surgery does not require a large incision or cutting through the entire breastbone. Minimally invasive heart surgery (also called keyhole surgery) is performed through small incisions, sometimes using specialized surgical instruments The incision used for minimally invasive heart surgery is about 3 to 4 inches instead of the 6- to 8-inch incision required for traditional surgery.
The surgeon gains access to the heart through one to three smaller, less visible incisions that can be made between the ribs or a smaller breastbone incision, as well as one small incision in the groin.
The diseased valve can be repaired or replaced through one or more of the ports between the ribs, with the surgeon looking at the heart directly through a small tube-shaped camera.
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